“Defenders of affirmative action see it, first, as a sensible response to our nation’s racial and ethnic history, especially for African Americans, who suffered through two centuries of slavery and a century of segregation under Jim Crow laws.
Second, affirmative action means using admissions slots (in education) or set aside contracts or jobs (in job hiring) to assure minority representation” (Andersen and Taylor 2011:258). First, it means recruiting minorities from a wide base in order to ensure consideration of groups that have been traditionally overlooked, while not using rigid quotas based on race or ethnicity. “Affirmative action, a heavily contested program for change, is a race-specific policy for reducing job and educational inequality that has had some limited success.It is important to note that these two laws only affected the federal workforce and government contracts, not the entire working public.
Kennedy (1917–1963) signed Executive Order 10925 on March 6th, 1961, that mandated “affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.” Women were not afforded these same protections until Lyndon B.
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